Front page
Handbook information
Part 1: Cochrane reviews
Part 2: General methods for Cochrane reviews
Part 3: Special topics
    13 Including non-randomized studies
       13.1 Introduction
       13.2 Developing criteria for including non-randomized studies
       13.3 Searching for non-randomized studies
       13.4 Selecting studies and collecting data
       13.5 Assessing risk of bias in non-randomized studies
          13.5.1 What is different when including non-randomized studies?
          13.5.2 Guidance and resources available to support review authors
             13.5.2.1 General considerations in assessing risk of bias in non-randomized studies
             13.5.2.2 Confounding and adjustment
             13.5.2.3 Tools for assessing methodological quality or risk of bias in non-randomized studies
             13.5.2.4 Practical limitations in assessing risk of bias in non-randomized studies
          13.5.3 Summary
       13.6 Synthesis of data from non-randomized studies
       13.7 Interpretation and discussion
       13.8 Chapter information
       Box 13.8.a: The Cochrane Non-Randomised Studies Methods Group
       13.9 References
    14 Adverse effects
    15 Incorporating economics evidence
    16 Special topics in statistics
    17 Patient-reported outcomes
    18 Reviews of individual patient data
    19 Prospective meta-analysis
    20 Qualitative research and Cochrane reviews
    21 Reviews in public health and health promotion
    22 Overviews of reviews
Additional material